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From WWW.BIO.ORG
Agricultural
Biotech Products on the Market
Canola
LibertyLink® Canola (Developed by Aventis CropScience)-Introduced
in 1995, LibertyLink® Canola allows growers to apply
Liberty® herbicide over the top during the growing season.
This results in weed control with no effect on crop
performance or yield.
InVigor® Hybrid Canola (Developed by Aventis CropScience)-InVigor
hybrid canola is made using a manageable and effective
hybridization system that enables production of high-yielding
hybrid canola varieties for sales to growers. InVigor
hybrid seed was first sold in Canada in 1996 and in
the United States in 2000.
Roundup Ready® Canola (Developed by Monsanto)-Roundup
Ready canola allows growers to apply Roundup® herbicide
over the top of the crop during the growing season,
for superior weed control with enhanced crop safety.
SMART® Canola Seed (Developed by American Cyanamid
seed partners)-Introduced in 1995, imidazolinone-tolerant
canola allows growers to apply environmentally friendly
imidazolinone herbicides to canola. In Canada, registration
of ODYSSEY® herbicide, a new imidazolinone for use on
imidazolinone-tolerant canola, was approved on April
4, 1997. One postemergence application of ODYSSEY® herbicide
provides both contact and residual control of hard-to-control
broadleaf and grassy weeds, resulting in maximum yield
potential.
Corn
Attribute™ Bt Sweet Corn (Developed by Syngenta Seeds)-ATTRIBUTE™
insect protected sweet corn varieties from Syngenta
provide a high level of built-in protection against
European corn borer and corn earworm, protecting crops
from ear damage and yield loss.
CLEARFIELD Corn® (Developed by American Cyanamid
seed partners including Prozar, Myrogen and Garst Boku
12)-Introduced in 1992, imidazolinone-tolerant and
-resistant corn allows growers to apply the flexible
and environmentally friendly imidazolinone herbicides
to corn. Registration of LIGHTNING® herbicide, a new
imidazolinone specifically for use on CLEARFIELD Corn®,
was approved by the EPA on March 31, 1997. One postemergence
application of LIGHTNING® herbicide provides both contact
and residual control of broadleaf and grassy weeds,
resulting in maximum yield potential.
DeKalBtTM Insect-Protected Hybrid Corn (Produced by DeKalb Genetics
Corporation) - Approved in 1997, select DeKalb leader hybrids are
now available with built-in protection against the European
corn borer.
DeKalb Brand Roundup Ready® Corn (Developed by DeKalb
Genetics Corporation) - Approved in 1998, DeKalb offers several elite hybrids
with resistance to Roundup UltraTM herbicide.
DeKalb GR Hybrid Corn (Produced by DeKalb Genetics
Corporation) - Approved in 1996, DeKalb GR hybrids
provide growers the added weed control benefits of over-the-top
glufosinate herbicide application during the growing
season.
Gray Leaf Spot Resistant Corn Hybrids (Produced by Garst
Seed Company) - Corn hybrids tolerant to the disease Cercospora spp.,
which attacks corn hybrids in the Central and Southeastern
corn belts.
G-StacTM Corn Hybrids (Produced
by Garst Seed Company) - Corn hybrids featuring
"stacked" genes providing multitask capability.
For example, hybrids that contain genes for the control
of European corn borer (B.t.), genes for resistance
to Liberty® herbicide and genes for resistance to imidazolinone
herbicide all in the same corn hybrid.
High pH Tolerant Corn Hybrids (Produced by Garst
Seed Company) - These corn hybrids are capable of
growing successfully on the severely alkaline soils
that characterize the western U.S. corn belt.
IMI-Corn (Produced by Mycogen) - Corn hybrid
that can tolerate application of imidazolinone herbicides.
LibertyLink® Corn (Developed by Aventis CropScience)-Introduced
in 1997 in the United States and 1998 in Canada, LibertyLink®
Corn allows growers to apply Liberty® herbicide over
the top during the growing season. Liberty® herbicide
kills over 100 grass and broadleaf weeds fast, with
no crop injury. LibertyLink® Corn hybrids are offered
by seed company partners like Pioneer, Syngenta, Cargill,
Garst and over 100 other seed companies. Liberty® herbicide
is offered by Aventis CropScience.
NatureGard® Hybrid Seed Corn (Produced by Mycogen)
- These corn plants express a protein toxic to European
corn borer that reduces or eliminates the need for insecticides.
NK Knockout™ Corn, NK YieldGard™ Hybrid Corn (Developed
by Syngenta Seeds)-Syngenta Seeds has produced several
corn varieties that have been modified to provide natural
protection against certain pests.
Roundup Ready® Corn (Developed by Monsanto)-Approved
in 1997, Roundup® Ready Corn allows over-the-top applications
of Roundup® herbicide during the growing season for
superior weed control.
StarLink Corn (Produced by ArgEvo) - Expected
to be introduced in 1998, these plants express a protein
toxic to various lepidopteran pests, which allow less
insecticide usage.
YieldGardTM Insect-Protected Corn
(Produced by Monsanto) - The YieldGard gene provides
control of the European corn borer throughout the corn
plant during the season.
Cotton
Bollgard® Insect-Protected Cotton (Developed by Monsanto)-Introduced
in 1996, cotton with Monsanto's Bollgard gene is protected
against cotton bollworms, pink bollworms and tobacco
budworms.
Roundup® Ready Cotton (Developed by Monsanto)-Approved
in 1996, Roundup Ready® cotton tolerates both topical
and post-directed applications of Roundup® herbicide.
Milk Production
Chymogen® (Developed by Genencor International and
Marketed by Chr. Hansen's)-Chymogen is the biotechnology-produced
version of an enzyme (chymosin) found in calves that
makes milk curdle to produce cheese. Because it is produced
through biotechnology, it is purer, is more plentiful
and eliminates variability in the quality and availability
of the enzyme in calves' stomachs. It is used in approximately
60 percent of all hard-cheese products made today.
Posilac® Bovine Somatotropin, Recombinant Bovine
Somatotropin (rBST) (Developed by Monsanto)-BST
is a naturally occurring protein hormone in cows that
induces them to produce milk. rBST improves milk production
by as much as 10 to 15 percent and is now used by farmers
whose herds represent over 30 percent of the nation's
cows. It was approved by the FDA in 1993.
ChyMax® (fermentation-derived) (Developed by Pfizer,
marketed by Chr. Hansen's)-ChyMax® is another version
of chymosin, an enzyme that causes milk to coagulate.
It is an advanced fermentation ingredient that is of
higher purity, quality and activity than natural rennet.
Peanuts
High Oleic Peanut (Developed by Mycogen)-Peanut
plants modified by mutagenesis to produce nuts in high
oleic acid results in longer life for nuts, candy and
peanut butter.
Potatoes
NewLeaf® Insect-Protected Potato (Developed by Monsanto)-Introduced
in 1995, the NewLeaf® Potato is the first commercial
crop to be protected against an insect pest through
biotechnology. Thanks to a gene from a variety of the
Bt bacterium, the NewLeaf® Potato is resistant to the
Colorado potato beetle.
NewLeaf® Plus (Developed by Monsanto)-Insect-
and virus-protected potatoes. These potatoes are protecting
themselves against Colorado potato beetles and potato
leaf roll virus.
New-Leaf® Y Insect- and Virus-Protected Potatoes
(Developed by Monsanto)-These potatoes protect themselves
against the Colorado potato beetle and the potato virus
Y.
Rapeseed
Laurical® (Developed by Calgene, LLC)-A less
expensive source of high-quality raw materials for soaps,
detergents and cocoa butter replacement fats. Rapeseed
plants with more than 45 percent laurate in oil have
been produced.
Soybeans
High Oleic Acid Soybeans (Produced by Optimum Quality
Grains, L.L.C.) - These soybeans produce an oil
that contains a higher level of oleic acid than that
found in currently available soybean oil and also contains
lower levels of saturated fat. The oil will fit applications
that require enhanced stability without the need for
chemical hydrogenation, which generates trans-fatty
acids.
Low Linolenic Soybean Oil (Produced by Optimum Quality
Grains, L.L.C.) - With less than 3.5 percent, linoleic is an enhanced
stability oil that will reduce the need for chemical
hydrogenation, therefore reducing trans-fatty acids.
Low Saturate Soybean Oils (Produced by Optimum Quality
Grains, L.L.C.) - This oil is 50 percent less saturated
fat than commodity soybean oil (vegetable oil), or approximately
8 percent total saturated fat. A 14-gram serving has
just one gram of saturated fat - the same as canola
oil. Zero saturated fat can be reached in many formulations
when a low saturated soy is used in place of commodity
soy.
Novartis Seeds Roundup Ready® Soybeans (Developed
by Novartis Seeds)
Roundup Ready® Soybeans (Developed by Monsanto)-Introduced
in 1996, Roundup Ready® Soybeans allow growers to apply
Roundup® herbicide over the top during growing season.
The result is dependable, superior weed control with
no effect on crop performance or yield.
Sunflowers
High Oleic Sunflower (Developed by Mycogen)-Sunflower
plants modified by mutagenesis to produce sunflower
oil that is low in trans-fatty acids, does not require
hydrogenation and has improved temperature stability.
High Oleic Sunflower Oil (Produced by Optimum Quality
Grains, L.L.C.) - As an enhanced-stability oil,
high oleic sunflower oil (less than 80 percent oleic)
is excellent for use as an ingredient, in cooking or
as spray oil, without the need for chemical hydrogenation.
New hybrids currently in production are expected to
increase oleic acid content to around 85 percent.
Tomatoes
FreshWorld Farms® Tomato (Produced by DNAP Holding
Corporation) - The FreshWorld Farms® tomato is a
premium, fresh market tomato developed through somaclonal
variation to have superior color, taste and texture
and a 10- to 14-day shelf life.
FreshWorld Farms Endless Summer® Tomato (Produced
by DNAP Holding Corporation) - The Endless Summer®
tomato is a genetically engineered version of the FreshWorld
Farms® tomato on the market since April 1993, and shares
its superior color, taste and texture. What's new is
its greatly extended shelf life of more than 30 to 40
days after harvest. Company scientists used Transwitch®
technology to suppress production of ethylene, the hormone
that causes tomatoes and other fruits to ripen. It is
the company's first whole-food product developed through
recombinant DNA technology.
FreshWorld Farms® Cherry Tomatoes (Produced by DNAP
Holding Corporation) - The FreshWorld Farms® cherry tomato is specially
bred for superior taste, color and texture. It is sold
through distributors and supermarket chains in the Mid-Atlantic,
Northwest and Midwest regions.
Increased Pectin Tomatoes (Developed by Zeneca Plant
Sciences)-Tomatoes that have been genetically modified
to remain firm longer and retain pectin during processing
into tomato paste.
Miscellaneous
Messenger® (Developed by EDEN Bioscience)-This
is the first of a series of products based on naturally
occurring harpin protein technology. Approved by the
EPA in April 2000, Messenger stimulates growth and defense
pathways inherent within each plant without altering
the plant's DNA. Messenger treatments promote healthier
plants and increased yields, as well as increased disease
resistance and deterrence of insects such as nematodes.
Messenger is a labeled product, currently being sold
in cotton, citrus, apples, strawberries, rice, tomatoes,
peppers, cucurbit vegetables, cane berries, grass seed,
potatoes and many other crops.
On the Market Within 6
Years
Alfalfa
Roundup® Ready Alfalfa (Developed by Monsanto)-Allows
over-the-top applications of Roundup® herbicide during
the growing season for superior weed control.
Apples
Bt Insect-Protected Apple (Developed by Monsanto)-These
apples will contain built-in insect protection against
codling moth.
Bananas
Disease-Resistant Bananas (Developed by DNA Plant
Technology Corporation)-These bananas will be resistant
to the fungal disease black sigatoka.
Ripening-Controlled Bananas and Pineapples (Produced
by DNAP Holding Corporation) - Using the same ripening
control technology as in its Endless SummerTM
tomato, the company is developing banana and pineapple
varieties with extended market life.
Roundup Ready® Canola (Produced by Monsanto)
- Roundup Ready canola allows growers to apply Roundup®
herbicide over-the-top of the crop during the growing
season, for superior weed control with enhanced crop
safety.
Corn
Insect-Resistant Corn (Developed by Dow AgroSciences
and Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.)-These corn
hybrids will provide broader spectrum control of insect
pests than what is currently available, including first-
and second-generation European corn borer, southwestern
corn borer, black cutworm and fall armyworm.
Rootworm-Protected Corn (Developed by Monsanto)-This
corn carries built-in protection against corn rootworm.
In addition, future products may be stacked with Yieldgard®,
Roundup® Ready, or both, to provide broader pest protection.
Rootworm-Resistant Corn (Developed by Dow AgroSciences
& Pioneer)-These new hybrids will produce a
protein that is toxic to the corn rootworm, thus eliminating
or reducing the need for soil-applied insecticides.
Second-Generation Yieldgard® Insect-Protected Corn
(Developed by Monsanto)-This corn is protected against
insect pests like the original Yieldgard corn, but using
a different mode of action to help growers cover a broader
spectrum of insect pests and better manage insect-resistance
concerns.
SeedLink Corn (Produced by AgrEvo) - These plants
provide a more reliable pollination control system for
corn seed production. The use of the SeedLink System
eliminates the need for hand or mechanical detasseling.
Cotton
Insect-Protected Cotton (Developed by Dow AgroSciences)-This
cotton will provide insect resistance that is broader
in spectrum than what is currently available.
Genetically Engineered Cotton Fiber (Produced by
Agracetus, unit of Monsanto Company) - This biotech
product will enhance fiber performance, reduce dye-shop
pollution and improve textile manufacturing efficiency.
Second-Generation Bollgard® Insect-Protected Cotton
(Developed by Monsanto)-This cotton controls insect
pests, like the original Bollgard cotton, but using
a different mode of action to help growers manage insect-resistance
concerns.
Lettuce
Roundup® Ready Lettuce (Developed by Monsanto)-Allows
over-the-top applications of Roundup® herbicide during
the growing season for superior weed control.
Peppers
Firmer Peppers (Produced by DNAP Holding Corporation)
- This sweet pepper has been modified using Transwitch®
technology to remain firmer after harvest. Pepper plants
are currently in field evaluations.
Sweeter Peppers (Produced by DNAP Holding Corporation)
- This pepper has been modified to be sweeter and tastier
by overexpressing a gene for sweetness. Pepper plants
are in early stages of seed increase and field evaluation.
Potatoes
Bruise-Free Potatoes (Developed by Monsanto)-These
potatoes will not form internal bruises or black spots
but will keep their bright color after peeling and be
much more appealing to the consumer.
High-Solids Potato (Developed by Monsanto)-Monsanto
has developed a higher-solids (or starch content) potato
by introducing a starch-producing gene from a soil bacterium
into a potato plant. With the reduction in the percentage
of water in the genetically improved potato, less oil
is absorbed during processing, resulting in a reduction
of cooking time and costs, better-tasting french fries
and an economic benefit to the processor.
NewLeaf® Multi-Virus Resistant, Insect-Protected,
Roundup® Ready Potatoes (Developed by Monsanto)-These
potatoes will combine the benefits of resistance to
potato leaf roll virus, potato virus Y and Colorado
potato beetle with the benefits of Roundup® Ready weed
control.
Roundup® Ready Potatoes (Developed by Monsanto)-These
potatoes will alllow growers to apply Roundup® herbicide
during the growing season for improved weed control
and crop safety.
Rice
CLEARFIELD Rice Seed (Developed by American Cyanamid)-American
Cyanamid is cooperating with universities and public
and private seed companies to develop rice varieties
tolerant to imidazolinone herbicides. Imidazolinone
herbicides are flexible, are environmentally friendly
and provide superior contact and residual control of
weeds.
Soybeans
Insect-Protected Soybeans (Developed by Monsanto)-These
soybeans will contain built-in insect protection to
key soybean insect pests.
Strawberries
Strawberry (Developed by DNA Plant Technology Corporation)-The
company is adding genes to confer resistance to glyphosate
herbicide and fungal diseases.
Strawberry (Produced by DNAP Holding Corporation)
- The company is improving the market life of fresh
strawberries by using Transwitch® technology to keep
fruit firmer after harvest and adding genes to resist
disease.
Sugar Beets
CLEARFIELD Sugar Beet Seed (Developed by American
Cyanamid)-American Cyanamid is cooperating with
universities and seed companies to develop sugar beet
varieties tolerant to imidazolinone herbicides. Imidazolinone
herbicides are flexible, environmentally friendly and
provide superior contact and residual control of weeds.
Roundup® Ready Tomato (Developed by Monsanto)-Allows
over-the-top applications of Roundup® herbicide during
the growing season for superior weed control.
Roundup Ready® Sugar Beets (Developed by Monsanto)-Roundup
Ready sugar beets are tolerant of Roundup® herbicide
and provide growers with a new weed-control option while
the crop is growing.
Tomatoes
Fresh Market Tomato (Produced by Zeneca Plant Sciences)
- Zeneca is modifying the tomatoes for enhanced flavor,
color and increased antioxidant vitamin content.
High Sweetness Tomato (Produced by Calgene, LLC)
- Tomato plants that produce high flavor tomatoes.
Insect Protected Tomatoes (Produced by Calgene,
LLC, unit of Monsanto Company) - These tomato plants
will require less chemical insecticides to achieve higher
yields.
Ripening-Controlled Cherry Tomatoes (Produced by
DNAP Holding Corporation) - Using the same technology
as in its Endless SummerTM fresh market tomato,
the company has developed cherry tomatoes with longer
market life, improved flavor and better harvest traits
through ripening control.
Virus Resistance Tomatoes (Produced by Calgene,
LLC) - These tomato plants will be resistant to
infection by certain plant viruses.
Wheat
CLEARFIELD Wheat Seed (Developed by American Cyanamid)-American
Cyanamid is cooperating with universities, public and
private laboratories, and seed companies to develop
wheat varieties tolerant to imidazolinone herbicides.
Imidazolinone herbicides are flexible, are environmentally
friendly and provide contact and residual control of
weeds common to wheat production, including ones not
controlled by currently registered wheat herbicides.
Miscellaneous
AquaAdvantage® Salmon, Tilapia, Trout and Flounder
(Developed by A/F Protein)-The AquaAdvantage® salmon
have the capability of growing from egg to market size
(6 to 10 lb.) in one to one-and-a-half years. Conventional
fish-breeding techniques require three years to bring
a fish to market. This new salmon could make fish more
plentiful, decrease overfishing of wild salmon and lower
consumer costs. A/F Protein expects to introduce the
AquaAdvantage® salmon within four to six years to a
public for whom salmon is an increasingly popular food.
B.t. Sunflower, Soybeans, Canola and Wheat (Produced
by Mycogen Corp.) - These crops will express a protein
toxin providing protection against various caterpillar
and beetle pests.
Genetically Modified Fruits and Vegetables with
Longer Post-Harvest Shelf Life (Developed by Agritope,
Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Epitope, Inc.)-Using
ethylene-control technology, Agritope, Inc., has created
delayed-ripening, longer-lasting tomatoes and raspberries.
High-Stearate Oil (Produced by the Calgene, LLC,
unit of Monsanto Company) - High-stearate oil is
an ingredient in margarine, shortenings and other food
ingredients that would not require hydrogenation, thus
reducing the expense.
High-Stearate Soy Oil (Produced by Monsanto)
- This is a functional oil with healthier properties
for margarines and shortenings. High-stearate oil requires
no hydrogenation and contains no trans-fatty acids,
which increase cholesterol.
LibertyLink® Soybean, Cotton, Sugar Beet and Rice
(Developed by Aventis CropScience)-These LibertyLink®
crops will be available in Canada and/or the United
States. Like LibertyLink® Corn, when used together with
Liberty® herbicide, they will allow farmers greater
flexibility and environmental soundness in weed control.
Medium Chain Fatty Acids/Medium Chain Triglycerides
(Produced by Calgene, LLC) - This will be a less-expensive
source of raw materials for high-performance lubricants,
nutritional formulas and high- energy foods.
Modified Lignin in Paper Pulp Trees (Produced by
Zeneca Plant Sciences under separate agreements with
Shell Forestry and Nippon Paper) - By making lignin
easier to remove from cellulose - the primary ingredient
in paper - papermakers can make high-quality paper with
less energy and bleaching, which benefits both the paper
processor and the environment.
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